κέρας

κέρᾰς, τό, [dialect] Ep. gen. Κέρᾰος, [dialect] Att. [var] contr. κέρως; [dialect] Ep. dat. κέρᾰϊ (elided) or κέραι or

A

κέρᾳ Il.11.385

, cf. Hdn.Gr.2.75, κέρᾳ also in Th. 2.90, 7.6: nom. pl. κέρᾱ (v. infr.), gen. κεράων, κερῶν, dat. κέρασι, [dialect] Ep. κεράεσσι:—[dialect] Att. Inscrr. have dual [

κέρ]ατε IG12.301.109

: pl.κέρατα ib.237.59; later [dialect] Ep. κεράατα ([pron. full] ?κέραςX ¯ ?κέραςX?κέραςX) Nic.Th.291, κεράατος ([pron. full] ?κέραςX ¯ ?κέραςX?κέραςX) Arat.174, Q.S.6.225:—Hdt.has gen.

κέρεος 6.111

, dat.

κέρεϊ 9.102

: pl.

κέρεα 2.38

, κερέων ib.132; but Hp. has gen. sg. κέρως, pl. κέρατα, Aër.18. [In nom. and acc. κέρας, ᾰ always: in the obl. cases [pron. full] ᾰ in [dialect] Ep., as

κέρᾰσιν Od.3.384

(in [var] contr. dat. κέρᾱ, nom. pl. κέρᾱ (cf. Batr.165), a is shortd. before a vowel, Il.11.385, Od.19.211); but [pron. full] ᾱ in Trag.and Com.,

κέρᾱτος Hermipp.43

,

κέρᾱτα E.Ba.921

, κεράτων [ᾱ] prob. in S.Tr.519 (lyr.),

κέρᾱσι A.Fr.185

. In later [dialect] Ep. the quantity varies.] (κέρας is prob. related to κάρα; cf. κεραός.)

I the horn of an animal, in Hom. mostly of oxen, Il.17.521, etc.;

ταῦροι . . εἰς κέρας θυμούμενοι E.Ba.743

; ὀφθαλμοὶ δ' ὡς εἰ κέρα ἕστασαν his eyes stood fixed and stiff like horns, Od.19.211; as a symbol of strength, LXX Ps.17(18).3, Diogenian.7.89, cf. Arist.PA662a1; of elephants' tusks, Aret.SD2.13, Opp.C.2.494.

2 antennae of crustaceans, Arist.HA526a31, 590b27; of the silkworm's grub, ib.551b10.

II horn, as a material,

αἱ μὲν γὰρ [πύλαι] κεράεσσι τετεύχαται Od.19.563

; the horn of animals' hoofs, Longus 2.28.

III anything made of horn,

1 bow,

τόξον ἐνώμα . . πειρώμενος . . μὴ κέρα ἶπες ἔδοιεν Od. 21.395

, cf. Theoc.25.206, Call.Epigr.38, AP6.75 (Paul.Sil.); for Il.11.385 v. infr. v.l.

2 of musical instruments, horn for blowing,

σημῆναι τῷ κέρατι X.An.2.2.4

, cf. Arist.Aud.802a17; also, the Phrygian flute, because it was tipped with horn (cf. Poll.4.74),

αὐλεῖν τῷ κ. Luc.DDeor.12.1

;

καὶ κέρατι μὲν αὐλεῖν Τυρρηνοὶ νομίζουσι Poll.4.76

, cf. Ath.4.184a.

3 drinking-horn,

ἐκ τοῦ κέρατος αὖ μοι δὸς πιεῖν Hermipp.43

, cf. X.An.7.2.23, OGI214.43 (Didyma, iii B.C.);

ἐξ ἀργυρέων κ. πίνειν Pi.Fr.166

, cf. IG12.280.77;

ἀργυρηλάτοις κέρασι χρυσᾶ στόμια προσβεβλημένοις A.Fr.185

;

ἐκπιόντι χρύσεον κ. S.Fr. 483

; for measuring liquids, Gal.13.435.

4 Ἀμαλθείας κ. cornucopiae, v. Ἀμάλθεια.

IV βοὸς κ. prob. a horn guard or cover attached to a fishing-line, Il.24.81, cf. Sch.;

ἐς πόντον προΐησι βοὸς κέρας Od.12.253

;

ψάμμῳ κ. αἰὲν ἐρείδων AP6.230

(Maec.), cf. Aristarch. ap. Apollon.Lex.s.v. κέρᾳ ἀγλαέ, Arist. ap. Plu.2.977a (also expld. as a fishing-line of ox-hair (cf. infr.v.l), ap.Plu.2.976f, cf. Poll.2.31; perh. an artificial bait).

2 clyster-pipe, Orib.8.32 7.

3 in pl., horn points with which the writing-reed was tipped, AP6.227 (Crin.).

V of objects shaped like horns,

1 a mode of dressing the hair,

κέρᾳ ἀγλαέ Il.11.385

(unless the meaning be bow), cf. Aristarch. ad loc., Herodorus and Apionap. Eust. ad loc.: hence κέρας is expld. as = θρίξ or κόμη, Apollon.Lex., Hdn.Gr. ap. Eust.l.c., Poll.2.31, Hsch.; cf. iv. l, and v. κεροπλάστης.

2 arm or branch of a river,

Ὠκεανοῖο κ. Hes. Th.789

;

Νείλου Pi.Fr.201

;

τὸ Μενδήσιον κέρας Th.1.110

;

ἐν Ἰνδοῖς ἐν τῷ Κέρατι καλουμένῳ Arist.Mir.835b5

, cf. Mu.393b5; τὸ κ. τὸ Βυζαντίων the 'Golden Horn', Str.7.6.2, cf. Plb.4.43.7, Sch.A.R.4.282; Ἑσπέρου K., name of a bay, Hanno Peripl.14, cf. Philostr.VS1.21.2.

3 wing of an army, Hdt.9.26, etc.; or fleet, Id.6.8, Th.2.90, etc.; κ. δεξιόν, λαιόν, A.Pers.399, E.Supp.704;

τὸ εὐώνυμον κ. ἀναπτύσσειν X.An.1.10.9

.

b κατὰ κέρας προσβάλλειν, ἐπιπεσεῖν, to attack in flank, Th.3.78, X.HG6.5.16, etc.; κατὰ κ. προσιέναι, ἕπεσθαι, Id.Cyr.7.1.8 and 28;

κατὰ κ. συμπεσών Plb.1.40.14

;

πρὸς κ. μάχεσθαι X.Cyr.7.1.22

.

c ἐπὶ κέρας ἀνάγειν τὰς νέας to lead a fleet in column, Hdt.6.12, cf.14;

κατὰ μίαν ἐπὶ κέρως παραπλεῖν Th.2.90

, cf. 6.32, X.Cyr.6.3.34, Eub.67.4; of armies, κατὰ κέρας, opp. ἐπὶ φάλαγγος, X.Cyr.1.6.43, cf. An.4.6.6, HG7.4.23;

εἰς κ. Id.Eq.Mag.4.3

;

ἐκ κέρατος εἰς φάλαγγα καταστῆσαι Id.Cyr.8.5.15

; οὐκ ἐλᾶτε πρὸς τὸ δεξιὸν κ.; Ar.Eq.243.

4 corps of8192 men, = διφαλαγγαρχία, Ascl.Tact.2.6, Arr.Tact.10.7.

b = μεραρχία, Ascl.Tact.2.10.

c contingent of thirty-two chariots, ib. 8, Ael.Tact.22.2.

5 sailyard, = κεραία, AP5.203 (Mel.), OGI674.30 (Egypt, i A.D.), Luc.Am.6, POxy.2136.6 (iii A.D.).

6 mountainpeak, v.l. in h.Hom.1.8; spur,

τὸ κ. τοῦ ὄρους X.An.5.6.7

, cf.Lyc. 534: in pl., extremities of the earth,

γῆς Philostr.VA2.18

(pl.).

7 in Anatomy, extremities of the uterus, Hp.Superf.1, Gal.7.266; of the diaphragm, Sor.1.57.

b ἁπαλὸν κ., = πόσθη, Archil.171, cf.Neophro (?) in PLit.Lond.77 Fr.2.19, E.Fr.278, AP12.95.6 (Mel.).

8 of the πήχεις of the lyre,

χρυσόδετον κ. S.Fr.244

(lyr.) (rather than the bridge, because made of horn, Ael.Dion.Fr.133, Poll.4.62).

VI κέρατα ποιεῖν τινι to give him horns, cuckold him, prov. in Artem.2.11; cf.

κερασφόρος 11

.

VII = κερατίνης, Luc.DMort.1.2.

VIII = σταφυλῖνος ἄγριος, Dsc.3.52; = οἰνάνθη, dub. in Ps.-Dsc.3.120.